Demonstration of individual modes excited on a string with fixed ends.
Demonstration of modes of longitudinal standing waves excited on a spring using a vibration generator.
Demonstration of the time evolution of a sound signal recorded by a microphone and its corresponding frequency spectrum.
The spectrometer performs a Fourier transform of incoming light and displays its (frequency) spectrum as a function of wavelength.
Demonstration of group velocity for waves on water.
Demonstration of wave reflection at the end (termination) of a torsion wave machine.
Demonstration of wave transmission and reflection at the junction of two torsion wave machines.
Demonstration of voltage wave propagation along a telegraph line and their reflection at free and fixed ends.
Using a Fresnel mirror, we let two plane waves with a small angle between their propagation directions interfere on a screen.
First, microwaves are guided almost without loss through a flexible waveguide. The second part demonstrates the existence of a minimal waveguide size below which waves cannot propagate.
Demonstration of the passage of linearly polarized microwaves through a linear polarizer.
Demonstration of Malus's law – change in intensity of linearly polarized light passing through a linear polarizer depending on the orientation of the polarizer's transmission axis.
A modified LCD display lacks the top polarizing film. Because of this, no image is visible—only a white surface. By applying a suitably oriented linear polarizer, the image can be made visible.
Iceland spar (calcite) is a material exhibiting birefringence. Due to this phenomenon, light rays with mutually perpendicular polarizations are refracted at different angles. On the screen, we can therefore observe two images of the halogen lamp, each formed by linearly polarized light with perpendicular polarization.
Wave plates cause a phase shift between two perpendicular polarizations. We demonstrate the effect of a quarter-wave and half-wave plate on linearly polarized light.
We demonstrate the rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light after passing through a sugar solution in monochromatic and white light.
On an optical disk with a semicircular lens, we demonstrate the law of reflection, Snell’s law of refraction, and the phenomenon of total internal reflection.
Light is partially linearly polarized upon reflection. If the angle of incidence equals Brewster’s angle (which is defined by the reflected and transmitted rays forming a right angle), the reflected light is linearly polarized with the polarization direction perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
The Michelson interferometer as an example of interference of two beams depending on their path difference.
Michelson interferometer with adjustable path length of one of the beams to measure the coherence length of a given light source.
Diffraction patterns from complementary apertures are identical outside the area of incident light according to Babinet’s principle.
Demonstration of Fraunhofer diffraction on various apertures in a screen: slit, double slit, diffraction grating, circular aperture.
Demonstration of the dispersion of light with a continuous spectrum on a diffraction grating.
A non-point light source emitting spatially incoherent waves affects the visibility (blurriness) of the diffraction pattern.
The Balmer lamp emits light produced by excitation of hydrogen atoms. Using a spectrometer, we display the spectrum primarily in the visible region and compare it with the prediction of the Rydberg formula.