Reflection of Voltage Waves on Tranmission Line

Demonstration of voltage wave propagation along a telegraph line and their reflection at open and fixed ends.

Voltage wave traveling along the telegraph line absorbed by a load resistor representing correct termination. The light intensity from the bulbs is the same at all locations (the mean value of energy flow is the same at every point of the traveling wave).

Open termination of the line causing a free end for the voltage wave. Reflection occurs and a standing voltage wave is created. There is a voltage antinode at the termination.

Line termination with a short circuit causing a fixed end for the voltage wave. Reflection occurs and a standing voltage wave is created. There is a voltage node at the termination.

Dark version. Voltage wave traveling along the telegraph line absorbed by a load resistor representing correct termination. The light intensity from the bulbs is the same at all locations (the mean value of energy flow is the same at every point of the traveling wave).

Dark version. Open termination of the line causing a free end for the voltage wave. Reflection occurs and a standing voltage wave is created. There is a voltage antinode at the termination.

Dark version. Line termination with a short circuit causing a fixed end for the voltage wave. Reflection occurs and a standing voltage wave is created. There is a voltage node at the termination.